(b) the right to download, store or print single copies of individual Documents, or portions of such Documents, solely for Licensee's own use. That is, Licensee may access and download an electronic file of a Document (or portion of a Document) for temporary storage on one computer for purposes of viewing, and/or printing one copy of a Document for individual use. Neither the electronic file nor the single hard copy print may be reproduced in anyway. In addition, the electronic file may not be distributed elsewhere over computer networks or otherwise. That is, the electronic file cannot be emailed, downloaded to disk, copied to another hard drive or otherwise shared. The single hard copy print may only be distributed to others for their internal use within your organization; it may not be copied. The individual Document downloaded may not otherwise be sold or resold, rented, leased, lent or sub-licensed.
astm c 1240 pdf download
(b) the right to download, store or print single copies of individual Documents, or portions of such Documents for the Authorized User's personal use, and to share such copies with other Authorized Users of Licensee within Licensee's computer network;
(iii) Specifically, no one is authorized to transmit, copy, or distribute any Document in any manner or for any purpose except as described in Section 3 of this License, without ASTM's prior express written permission. In particular, except as described in Section 3, no one may, without the prior express written permission of ASTM: (a) distribute or forward a copy (electronic or otherwise) of any article, file, or material obtained from any ASTM Product or Document; (b) reproduce or photocopy any standard, article, file, or material from any ASTM Product; (c) alter, modify, adapt, or translate any standard, article, file, or material obtained from any ASTM Product; (d) include any standard, article, file, or material obtained from any ASTM Product or Document in other works or otherwise create any derivative work based on any materials obtained from any ASTM Product or Document; (e) impose any charge for a copy (electronic or otherwise) of any standard,article, file, or material obtained from any ASTM Product or Document, except for normal printing/copying costs where such reproduction is authorized under Section 3; or (f) systematically download, archive, or centrally store substantial portions of standards, articles, files, or material obtained from any ASTM Product or Document. Inclusion of print or electronic copies in coursepacks or electronic reserves, or for distance learning use, is not authorized by this License and is prohibited without ASTM's prior written permission.
11. Limitation of Liability: To the extent not prohibited by law, in no event will ASTM be liable for any loss, damage, lost data or for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages, however caused regardless of the theory of liability, arising out of or related to the use of the ASTM Product or downloading of the ASTM Documents. In no event will ASTM's liability exceed the amount paid by Licensee under this License Agreement.
Nano-silica is a new pozzolan that is boosting the field of nanomaterials and can be used effectively in the concrete industry. ASTM C1240 is used to qualify silica fume pozzolans to be used in concrete and for marketing purposes.
The present study aims to assess the adequacy of ASTM C1240 in qualifying nanosilica to be used in concrete and to introduce a modified procedure to measure the pozzolanic activity of nanosilica used with cementitious composites.
The ASTM C1240 test procedure is problematic for determining the pozzolanicity of nano-silica for many reasons. For instance, the replacement of the cement by weight with an SCM does not consider the fact that the density of the cement is significantly higher than that of most SCMs, resulting in a reduction of the water volume fraction [13, 15]. Other researchers have utilized a 35% volumetric replacement of cement by pozzolans [15], thus taking the specific gravity of the SCM into account. Bentz et al. [15] and others [3, 13] stated that taking the densities of the SCMs into account is an important issue that can vary widely.
The experimental programme is designed to verify the applicability of ASTM C1240 to assess the pozzolanicity of nano-silica by comparing the chemical reactivity and the compressive strength performance of mortars modified with different particle sizes and dosages of silica-based SCM.
The Portland cement (OPC) used was type I conforming to ASTM C150 [19]. The micro-silica (mS) used was supplied from the Sika Company in a densified dry particle form, conforming to ASTM C1240 [6]. It was a grey amorphous submicron powder and was manually dispersed in the cement for each mortar mixture. The nanosilica (nS) used was supplied from Evonik Company in the form of a white dry powder with an average particle size of
Monitoring the compressive strength development of the mixtures containing mS or nS at a constant w/cm ratio is important to observe the impact of the pozzolanic reaction on the compressive performance. However, to keep the mortar flow constant, the Accelerated Pozzolanic Strength Activity Index (APS) test in ASTM C1240 varies the percentages of HRWRA but not the w/cm ratio. This makes it possible to use the ASTM C1240 APS results to compare the effects of silica-based SCMs on the compressive strength of mortars. Unlike C618, C1240 requires an APS determination at 7 days only; in this study, the cubes were tested for compressive strength based on ASTM C109 at 7 and 28 days to assess the potential of filler effects, particularly for the nS-modified mortars.
To measure the Accelerated Pozzolanic Strength Activity Index (APS) of the micro- and nanosilica, standard cement mortar samples were prepared and tested following the ASTM C1240 procedure. 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% replacements by weight of binder were evaluated and the results were compared with the control specimens (i.e., without micro- or nanosilica). The superplasticizer (HRWRA) content of the mixes was adjusted (Table 2) to obtain a spread flow of 100 to 115% to meet the minimum requirement of the C1240 and to ensure the desired rheological properties of the mixture. 5% and 7% nanosilica mortars needed approximately 4 times the HRWRA than micro-silica mortars to exhibit a comparable spread flow. 10% nanosilica mortar did not meet the minimum C1240 flow requirements even when using 10 g (2% of the binder by weight) and still the result of this test was 25% lower than the minimum limits. This is mainly due to the high specific surface area of the nanosilica particles leading to capture more free water inside its structure, making it unavailable for the cement.
A rate of strength development was calculated to compare how quickly different mortars modified with mS or nS gain strength compared to the control (Fig. 2b). This comparison allows for identifying the effect of the replacement levels on the speed of strength development (i.e., how much faster or slower the silica reacted). This comparison also removed the influence of OPC on the APS, as it is calculated as a percentage of the control mortars of each age. Fig. (2b) also shows that all mortars (except the 10% nS mortar) have comparable strength developments from the 7 to 28 days rates. There was only a 7.5% difference between them. However, the 10% nS replacement mixtures exhibited a reversal behaviour as opposed to their lower replacement counterparts. This trend shows that the 7 days accelerated curing suggested by the C1240 procedure cannot accurately describe the state of the strength at a later age when using a 10% nS content. However, up to 7% nS content, the development rates were seemed to be reasonable.
The APS of the tested mortars were estimated using the 7 and 28 days compressive strengths (Fig. 3). In the case of mS, there is a clear correlation between the APS values tested at 7 and 28 days. A progressive increase in the mS replacement level does not have significant impact on the APS values. There was only a 7.5% difference between them. This consistent behaviour supports the applicability of the C1240 procedure for the mS materials as the gain in strengths were kept the same regardless of the mS content or the testing age.
The main focus of ASTM C1240 is to assess the suitability of silica fume for use in concrete. This assessment is also important in marketing the material in the concrete industry. After the emergence and evolution of the nanosilica, employing the same standard (i.e., C1240) for the qualification of nanosilica poses concerns due to the large differences in the surface area with various possible pozzolanicity reactions.
In this paper, the adequacy of ASTM C1240 in qualifying the nanosilica to be used in cementitious materials is tested, with the major concern being that this standard has the potential to provide misinterpretation for filler effects.
"Open access journals are freely available online throughout the world, for you to read, download, copy, distribute, and use. The articles published in the open access journals are high quality and cover a wide range of fields."
System No. C-AJ-1240 Ì84CAJÇ,H%*,DÎ ANSI/UL1479 (ASTM E814) F Ratings - 2 and 3 Hr (See Item 4) T Rating - 0 Hr L Rating At Ambient - Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft L Rating At 400 F - Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft CAN/ULC S115 F Ratings - 2 and 3 Hr (See Item 4) FT Rating - 0 Hr FH Ratings - 2 and 3 Hr (See Item 4) FTH Rating - 0 Hr L Rating At Ambient - Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft L Rating At 400 F - Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft 1. Floor or Wall Assembly - Min 2-1/2 in. (64 mm) thick reinforced lightweight or normal weight (100-150 pcf or 1600-2400 kg/m3) concrete floor or 2-3/4 in. (70 mm) lightweight or normal weight concrete wall. Wall may also be constructed of any UL Classified Concrete Blocks*. Floor may also be constructed of any UL Classified Precast Concrete Units*. Max diam of opening is 32 in. (813 mm). Max diam of opening in floors constructed of hollow-core precast concrete units is 7 in. (178 mm). See Concrete Blocks (CAZT) and Precast Concrete Units (CFTV) categories in the Fire Resistance Directory for names of manufacturers. 2. Steel Sleeve - (Optional) - Nom 32 in. (813 mm) diam (or smaller) Schedule 10 (or heavier) steel pipe sleeve or No. 26 ga (0.022 in. or 0.56 mm thick) sheet steel sleeve with square anchor flange spot welded to the sleeve at approx mid-height. Sleeve cast or grouted in place flush with floor ar wall surfaces. Steel pipe sleeve may project max 3 in. (76 mm) from floor or wall surfaces. 3. Through Penetrant - One metallic pipe, conduit or tubing to be installed either concentrically or eccentrically within the firestop system. The annular space between pipe, conduit or tubing and periphery of opening shall be min 0 in. (point contact) to max 2 in. (51 mm). Pipe, conduit or tubing to be rigidly supported on both sides of floor or wall assembly. The following types and sizes of metallic pipes, conduits or tubing may be used: A. Steel Pipe - Nom 30 in. (762 mm) diam (or smaller) Schedule 10 (or heavier) steel pipe. B. Iron Pipe - Nom 30 in. (762 mm) diam (or smaller) cast or ductile iron pipe. C. Conduit - Nom 4 in. (102 mm) diam (or smaller) steel electrical metallic tubing or nom 6 in. (152 mm) diam steel conduit. D. Copper Tubing - Nom 6 in. (152 mm) diam (or smaller) Type M (or heavier) copper tubing. E. Copper Pipe - Nom 6 in. (152 mm) diam (or smaller) Regular (or heavier) copper pipe. Reproduced courtesy of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Created or Revised: May 10, 2012 (800)992-1180 (908)526-8000 FAX (908)231-8415 E-Mail:techserv@stifirestop.com Website:www.stifirestop.com R C-AJ-1240 PAGE 1 OF 2 2ff7e9595c
Comments